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In Chapters 2 and 3, you came across several combined words. The combination of the letters in those words is following specific rules of kÔn & kamkw.
A:
1.tem]kÔn :
tem]kÔn means elimination of one letter when words or letters are combined.
Examples:
s]ä+A½=s]ä½
Vowel A is eliminated
hm+FSm=hmSm
Vowel F is eliminated
Bbn+Cêì=Bbnêì
Vowel C is eliminated
Xé¸v+D-v=Xé¸p-v
Vowel Dv is eliminated
\nì+CÃ=\n¶nÃ
Vowel D is eliminated
hcmsX+Cêì=hcmXnêì
Vowel F is eliminated
2.BKakÔn :
In BKakÔn a new letter is inducted between the two words being combined.
Examples:
]\+Hme=]\tbme
b is inducted
A+CSw=AhnSw
h is inducted
C+CSw=ChnSw
h is inducted
Xe+¡v=Xeí
b is inducted
t]m+D¶v=t]mæì, t]mhpì
I,h are inducted
3.ZznXzkÔn
In ZznXzkÔn when two words are combined, the first consonant of the second word is doubled.
Examples:
Xmac+I®n=Xmac¡®n
I is doubled
tX§+]pc=tX§m¸pc
] is doubled
]Wn+X«v=]Wn¯«v
X is doubled
\ns¶+I-p=\ns¶¡-p
I is doubled
A+Imew=A¡mew
I is doubled
F³+F=Fs¶
\ is doubled
4.BtZikÔn
In BtZikÔn when two letters are combined, one letter is replaced by a new letter.
Examples:
\mev+apJ³=\m·pJ³
e is replaced by \
]n³+Imew=]nÂImew
\ is replaced by e
s\Â+aWn=s\·Wn
 is replaced by ³
5.kwkvIrXkÔnIÄ
Malayalam uses lot of Sanskrit words due to the influence of Arya invasion of Kerala, though the language was originally derived from Tamil. When Sanskrit words are combined, the rules followed are from Sanskrit grammar.
5.1.kzckÔn
kzckÔn defines the combination of two vowels. Please remember that all the free-standing letters are formed by a combination with the vowel A.
Examples:
Ihn+C{µ³=Iho{µ³
\b\+C{µnbw=\bt\{µnbw
kmapZmbnI+sFIyw=kmapZmbnssIIyw
Aé+Bbp[w=AWzmbp[w
5.2.hyRvP\kÔn
If the last letter of a word and the first letter of another word are consonants, then the combining of these words is done following the rule of hyRvP\kÔn.
Examples:
a\kv+iàn=a\Èàn
kv+i has become È
alXv+NcnXw=al¨cnXw
Xv+N has become ¨
hnZ|Xv+iàn=hnZ|Ñàn
Xv+i has become Ñ
XzIv+tcmKw=XzKvtcmKw
Iv has become Kv
There are several combinations like this. The rules regarding these combinations are not important to use or learn Malayalam. But these words will appear in the texts – hence the student should know that these words are formed by this rule.
B:
When two or more words are combined to form a single meaning, such formation is known as kamkw.
Examples:
AëZn\w
=
Aë+Zn\w
=
daily
ImfnZmkIhn
=
ImfnZmk³+Ihn
=
Poet Kalidasa
ASoepSp¸v
=
ASnbnÂ+DSp¸v
=
undergarments
`àn]qÀÆw
=
`àn+]qÀÆw
=
with piety
Xn¦fmgvN
=
Xn¦Ä+BgvN
=
Monday
sN¼p]m{Xw
=
sN¼v+]m{Xw
=
copper pot
apÅphm¡v
=
apÅv+hm¡v
=
sarcasm
kvamcIaµnckanXn
=
kvamcIw+aµncw+kanXn
=
memorial building committee
kwLIme¯nëtijw
=
kwLw+Ime¯në+ tijw
=
after the era of Samgham
Please notice that the resultant word after joining member words conveys a different idea than the meanings of the member words independently. For eg. kvamcIw means memorial, aµncw means building and kanXn means committee. But kvamcIaµnckanXn conveys the meaning of a committee with a responsibility to build a memorial building.
kÔn and kamkw together form a recipe of the recipes, which is a combined word. It is very similar to Malayalees’ food habits. Several curries are combined with rice on the dining table in several proportions to suit the likes of the diner. Similarly several words can be combined to convey a new meaning. This is a distinct feature of Malayalam.
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